1. Link the study of Biology with that of Physics, Chemistry, Statistics,
Geography, Economics, and Computer Science.
Answer:
Biology is not an isolated subject; it is deeply linked with various other sciences that help
understand living systems better:
 Physics:
o Physics explains energy, forces, and motion, which are important in biological
systems.
o Example: Blood flow in arteries, sound vibrations in the ear, and light behavior in
the eye.
o Principles like thermodynamics help understand metabolism and body
temperature regulation.
 Chemistry:
o Life depends on chemical reactions like respiration, digestion, and photosynthesis.
o Study of biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, and hormones is
crucial in biology.
o It helps understand molecular biology and genetic engineering.

 Statistics:
o Statistics is essential for analyzing experimental data and biological research
results.
o It helps in calculating averages, probabilities, and drawing graphs in fields like
genetics, ecology, and medicine.
 Geography:
o Geography supports ecological studies, biodiversity distribution, and
environmental impacts on organisms.
o Helps in studying population patterns, migration, habitat types, and climate
influence on life.
 Economics:
o Biology helps improve agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, and healthcare,
all of which impact the economy.
o Economics evaluates the cost and benefit of biological technologies like GMOs
and vaccines.
 Computer Science:
o Computers are used in bioinformatics, genetic data analysis, and disease
modeling.
o Example: DNA sequencing, protein structure prediction, and managing big
biological databases.

2. Explain how the study of Biology can lead to different professional studies.
Answer:
Biology is the foundation of many applied and professional fields. A student of biology can
pursue the following careers:
 Medicine and Surgery:
o Study of human anatomy, physiology, and diseases leads to becoming a doctor or
surgeon.
o Involves diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases.
 Pharmacy:
o Focuses on the development and use of medicines.
o Pharmacists study drug action, dosage, and safety.
 Veterinary Science:
o Concerned with animal health, treatment, and surgery.
o Includes livestock care, pet medicine, and zoonotic disease prevention.
 Agriculture and Agronomy:
o Involves study of crop production, soil science, and pest control.
o Aims to increase food production through improved methods.
 Microbiology:
o Study of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
o Used in making antibiotics, fermentation, and vaccine development.
 Biotechnology:

o Uses living organisms to produce useful products (e.g., insulin, vaccines).
o Includes genetic engineering and tissue culture.
 Forestry and Fisheries:
o Focuses on managing forests and aquatic resources.
o Helps in conservation and sustainable development.

3. Science is a collaborative field in which scientists work together to share
knowledge. Prove this statement by giving examples.
Answer:
Scientific progress is a team effort. Scientists around the world collaborate and share findings to achieve results faster and more effectively. Examples:
 Human Genome Project:
o A global collaboration where scientists from 20+ countries worked for over a
decade to decode the entire human DNA.
o It led to breakthroughs in genetics, medicine, and bioinformatics.
 Covid-19 Vaccine Development:
o Researchers from different countries shared virus genome data, research
techniques, and clinical trial results.
o As a result, vaccines were developed in less than a year.
 Discovery of DNA Structure:
o James Watson and Francis Crick built on the X-ray diffraction data from Rosalind Franklin.
o This teamwork led to the discovery of the double-helix model of DNA.
 CERN and the Large Hadron Collider:
o Thousands of physicists and biologists globally collaborate at CERN to study the fundamental particles of life.

4. How is a hypothesis converted to theory, law, and principle?
Answer:
 Hypothesis:
o A hypothesis is a testable explanation of an observation or a scientific question.
o It is not yet proven but can be tested through experiments.
 Theory:
o When a hypothesis is tested repeatedly through experiments and supported by
evidence, it becomes a theory.
o Example: Germ Theory of Disease.
 Law:

o A theory that is universally accepted and proven to be true under all conditions
becomes a scientific law.
o Example: Mendel’s Law of Inheritance.
 Principle:
o A scientific principle is a well-accepted law or concept that explains natural
phenomena.
o Example: Principle of Natural Selection.

5. What are the basic steps a scientist adopts in order to solve a scientific
problem?
Answer:
A scientist uses a methodical approach to solve problems. The steps are:
1. Observation:
o Careful noticing of natural phenomena.
2. Question/Problem Identification:
o Defining what needs to be explained or solved.
3. Hypothesis Formation:
o Proposing a tentative explanation or solution.
4. Deduction:
o Making predictions based on the hypothesis.
5. Experimentation:
o Testing the hypothesis with controlled experiments.
6. Conclusion:
o Analyzing results to confirm or reject the hypothesis.
7. Reporting Results:
o Sharing findings with the scientific community through reports or journals.

6. Describe the work of different scientists in discovering the cause of malaria.
Answer:
 Alphonse Laveran (1880):
o A French scientist who first observed Plasmodium (malaria parasite) in the blood
of patients.
o He proposed that the disease is caused by this parasite.
 Ronald Ross (1897):
o A British doctor working in India.
o He allowed mosquitoes to bite infected birds, then dissected them and found
Plasmodium in the stomach of mosquitoes.
o Proved that mosquitoes transmit malaria.

 Giovanni Grassi (1898):
o Identified specific species of Anopheles mosquitoes responsible for transmission.
o His work helped target control strategies.

7. Write a descriptive note on the experiments performed by Ross.
Answer:
 Sir Ronald Ross conducted his groundbreaking experiments in India.
 He studied malaria in birds and suspected that mosquitoes played a role.
 He allowed mosquitoes to bite malaria-infected birds. After a few days, he dissected the mosquitoes.
 He found the Plasmodium parasite in their stomach walls.
 This proved that mosquitoes are the vectors (carriers) of malaria.
 His discovery earned him a Nobel Prize in Medicine and revolutionized the
understanding of disease transmission.
 Ross’s work led to public health policies like mosquito control to prevent malaria.

9th Class Biology Chapter 1 Solutions Description Question Complete.